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==Events== *27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacán. * 550 – Gothic War: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison. * 750 – The army of Abdallah ibn Ali and Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid defeats that of Marwan II in the Battle of the Zab, bringing the Abbasid Revolution to completion. * 929 – Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III established the Caliphate of Córdoba. *1120 – The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. *1362 – A storm tide in the North Sea destroys the German city of Rungholt on the island of Strand. *1412 – The Medici family is appointed official banker of the Papacy. *1492 – The first grammar of the Spanish language is presented to Queen Isabella I. *1547 – Ivan IV of Russia a.k.a. Ivan the Terrible becomes Czar of Russia. *1556 – Philip II becomes King of Spain. *1572 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. *1581 – The English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism. *1605 – The first edition of ''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha'' (Book One of ''Don Quixote'') by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain. *1707 – The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain. *1761 – The British capture Pondichéry, India from the French. *1780 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent. *1786 – Virginia enacted the Statute for Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson. *1809 – Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña. *1847 – John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory. *1862 – Hartley Colliery Disaster: Two hundred four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompted a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape. *1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule. *1883 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is passed. *1896 – Defeat of Cymru Fydd at South Wales Liberal Federation AGM, Newport, Monmouthshire. *1900 – The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands. *1909 – Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole. *1919 – Temperance movement: The United States ratifies the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition in the United States one year after ratification. *1920 – Zeta Phi Beta Sorority Incorporated was founded on the campus of Howard University. * 1920 – The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France. *1921 – The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa. *1924 – Eleftherios Venizelos becomes Prime Minister of Greece for the fourth time. *1938 – Benny Goodman, and his band, performed in concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City *1939 – The Irish Republican Army (IRA) begins a bombing and sabotage campaign in England. *1942 – Crash of TWA Flight 3, killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard. *1945 – Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker. *1964 – Hello, Dolly! (musical) starring Carol Channing opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 2,844 performances. *1969 – Czech student Jan Palach commits suicide by self-immolation in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in protest against the Soviets' crushing of the Prague Spring the year before. * 1969 – Soviet spacecraft ''Soyuz 4'' and ''Soyuz 5'' perform the first-ever docking of manned spacecraft in orbit, the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk. *1970 – Buckminster Fuller receives the Gold Medal award from the American Institute of Architects. *1979 – The last Iranian Shah flees Iran with his family for good and relocates to Egypt. *1986 – First meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force. *1991 – The Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq, beginning the Gulf War (U.S. Time). *1992 – El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, Mexico ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives. *2001 – Congolese President Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards. * 2001 – US President Bill Clinton awards former President Theodore Roosevelt a posthumous Medal of Honor for his service in the Spanish–American War. *2002 – The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the remaining members of the Taliban. *2003 – The Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. ''Columbia'' disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry. *2005 – Romanian university lecturer and novelist Adriana Iliescu gives birth at 66 to her daughter Eliza, breaking the record for the oldest birth mother in the world *2006 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia's new president. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state. *2013 – An estimated 41 international workers are taken hostage in an attack in the town of In Aménas, Algeria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「January 16」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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